Device for removing noise in AC power waveform

ABSTRACT

A “PN junction element ta which produces the Peltier effect and Seebeck effect within the same element and imparts a noise reducing effect,” which prevents an adverse influence of white noise included in an AC waveform to be supplied from a commercially available AC power supply or a parasitic noise or the like caused by electromagnetic interference on an electromagnetic device that is supplied with power and which is effective when attached at the designing or manufacturing stage to each “low-power” functional circuit which provides a later-attached or externally-attached device is adapted to a “high-power” circuit. An external attachment unit is constructed by separating at least one of lines between an AC power input terminal IN and an output terminal OUT to an electromagnetic device into parallel branch lines a and b, and connecting the series circuit of a diode da, db and a PN junction element ta, tb to each branch circuit, thereby facilitating its use by ordinary users.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an apparatus which eliminates noise ina power waveform and prevents the adverse influence, which is resultedfrom superimposition of, for example, white noise or parasitic wavenoise caused by electromotive interference on the AC waveform thatshould be a sine waveform to be supplied from, for example, acommercially available AC power supply of 100 V, on electromagneticdevices (including electronic devices) which receive power from such anAC power supply. More specifically, it is an apparatus which generallyworks for the overall electronic device as it is connected to a powerinput circuit, not inserted in individual functional circuits in anelectric device.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, filters or the like which tune to a specific frequencydetermined by the time constant of L, C and R and provide individualfunctional circuits with a function to bypass to the ground or a currentelement function have been used.

In this type of conventional apparatus, however, as a capacitiveimpedance or inductive inductance is used, frequency cannot be avoidedso that no even effect can be expected over the entire frequency bandsand the adverse influence of electromagnetic interference noise could beavoided to a certain, not completely. With regard to white noise,satisfactory results have not been obtained.

That is, it was not possible to avoid deformation of voices in the caseof acoustic devices, disturbance of images or hue in the case of videomachines, etc., which are caused by noise or interference waves havingan unspecific and unstable frequency spectrum from an AC power supply.

Also, within electromagnetic devices, in addition to coils, there are alarge number of electrical, electronic parts connected and built in,such as transformers, resistors, condensers, semiconductor elements. Theoutput current including the above standing wave noise is also affectedby electrical characteristics such as inductance, conductance,capacitance, etc. possessed by these parts, and the characteristics inmaterial properties such as thermal noise or scattering of electrons. Asa result, the standing wave noise of the current particularly aroundzero current generates more noise with greater energy throughinterference with the standing noise.

Since these standing wave noises overlap the normal output signal whichshould be inherently faithful to the input signal, they cannotpractically convert the input signal faithfully. Such noises inelectromagnetic devices make the conversion of input signals toacoustic, image, data recording, etc. incorrect and indistinct, therebylosing scientific value, artistic nature, and also irritatingexcessively visual and auditory nerves of man, thus creating harm insocial environments, artistic cultures, mental hygienes and scientifictechniques. Leaving this undealt with is a significant matter whichcannot be allowed from a social point of view.

It is an object of this invention to not only overcome the problems butalso provide an apparatus which allow an end user to arbitrarily andeasily install it in an electromagnetic device, which is manufacturedand delivered by device makers without making such consideration, bymerely connecting it to the power input circuit.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The present inventor is one of patentees of the invention disclosed inJapanese Patent No. 2731456. Paying attention to the characteristics ofa PN junction element (thermo module) for improving the sound quality,which is connected to each of the function circuits in “low-powercircuits” concerning this invention, the means for solving the aboveproblems is provided by generally applying the characteristics to thepower circuits of “high-power circuits.”

This PN junction element, which makes a temperature difference by thePeltier effect and generates a thermoelectric current by the Seebeckeffect, will be explained as follows referring to claim 1 of theaforementioned patent.

FIG. 6 shows an improved element 61 for an electromagnetic circuitsignal waveform which comprises a junction pair having a semiconductorP-type material section 62 and semiconductor N-type material section 63having thermoelectric powers junctioned at a junction 64, and electrodesections 65 and 66 of the opposite materials on the opposite sides tothe junction, and which can produce the Peltier effect and the Seebeckeffect in the same element and suppress the inverse electromagneticinduction current that causes standing wave noise by causing the Peltierexotherm to occur at the junction 64 and the Peltier endotherm to occuron both electrode sections 65 and 66 and allowing a transienttemperature difference ΔTt by the exotherm and endotherm to generate thetransient counter electromotive force of the first polarity between thejunction 64 and both electrode sections 65 and 66 due to the Seebeckeffect, when a current flows in a first direction between the P-typematerial section 62 and the N-type material section 63, and generatingthe counter electromotive force of the opposite, second polarity betweenboth electrode sections 65 and 66 by inverting the aforementionedtransient temperature difference ΔTd when a current flows in a seconddirection opposite to the first direction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a circuit structural diagram illustrating a first embodimentof an apparatus according to this invention;

FIG. 2 is a circuit structural diagram illustrating a second embodimentof an apparatus according to this invention;

FIG. 3 is a circuit structural diagram showing a third embodiment of anapparatus according to this invention;

FIG. 4 is a circuit structural diagram showing a fourth embodiment of anapparatus according to this invention;

FIG. 5(a) is a diagram showing a power outlet with an extension cord,and (b) is a diagram showing a plug-in type power outlet which is to bedirectly plugged in a wall outlet;

FIG. 6 is an illustration showing an embodiment of the noise eliminatingelement of the present invention, (a) showing the device having bulkmaterials junctioned, (b) thin film-thick film materials junctioned, (c)the bulk materials junctioned in the π form with a junctioning metalstrip and an element of the module type having a plurality of elementsconnected in series.

FIG. 7 is an illustration showing the “saw” wave forms, (a) showing thenormal “saw” wave form and (b) an irregular “saw” wave form overlappedwith standing wave noise.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The aforementioned sound-quality improving PN junction element 61 shownin FIG. 6 comprises a junction pair having a p-type material 62 andn-type material 63 of different conductivity types, and lead wires 67and 68 are connected as electrode terminals to material end faces 65 and66 opposite to the junction 64, respectively forming junction boundarylayers. FIG. 6(a) shows a sound-improving element having bulk materialsjunctioned. FIG. 6(b) shows a sound-improving element having thin-filmor thick-film materials junctioned. FIG. 6(c) shows a sound-improvingelement having bulk materials junctioned in the π form using junctioningmetal strip 69.

Given that the absolute thermoelectric power of the P-type material is“αP” and the absolute thermoelectric power of the N-type material is“αN,” the relative thermoelectric power αR of the junction pair of bothmaterials is defined as the difference of the absolute thermoelectricpowers of both materials (αP−αN). When a current flows in the junctionelement 61 show in FIG. 6, for example, from the P-type 62 to the N-type63, the Peltier exotherm αR·I·T proportional to the relativethermoelectric power αR=αP−αN of the element 61, the current I and theabsolute temperature T of the junction 64 occurs at the junction 64 andthe Peltier endotherms (αP−αCu)·I·T and (αCu−αN)·I·T proportional to therelative thermoelectric power αR of the element 61, the current I andthe absolute temperature T of the electrode sections 65 and 66 occur atboth electrode sections 65 and 66 so that the total value of thosePeltier endotherms becomes αR·I·T. As a result, the temperature of thejunction 64 rises and the temperatures of both electrode sections 65 and66 drop, thereby creating a temperature difference ΔT between thejunction 64 and the electrode section 65 or 66 (the temperatures of 65and 66 are the same). This temperature difference ΔT transiently changesdue to the influences of the Joule heat I2R by the electric resistance Rof the element and the heat transmission KΔT by the thermal conductanceK which is the reciprocal of the thermal resistance.

With respect to an abrupt change in current, however, the influences ofthe Joule heat and the heat transmission are extremely small and thetemperature difference ΔT changes very quickly and transiently mainly bythe Peltier endotherm and exotherm, so that when the temperature of thejunction 64 becomes Th and the temperatures of both electrode sections65 and 66 both become Tc, at which point there should not be anytemperature difference between both electrode sections 65 and 66, atransient temperature difference ΔTt=Th−Tc is produced between thejunction 64 and both electrode sections 65 and 66.

This generated transient temperature difference ΔTt provides a transientcounter electromotive force αRΔT proportional to the relativethermoelectric power αR of the element between the junction 64 and bothelectrode sections 65 and 66 due to the Seebeck effect. When thetransient current flows to the N-type 63 from the P-type 62, theelectrode 65 has a positive polarity and the electrode 66 has a negativepolarity. When the current flowing in the element is reversed, thetemperature of the junction, the temperatures of both electrode sectionsand the polarities of the electrodes are reversed.

Since those Peltier endotherm and exotherm and the Seebeck counterelectromotive force are generated by the extremely fast behavior ofelectrons in the junction boundary layers between the junction 64 andboth electrode sections 65 and 66 of the element, they are generated inthe vicinity of the output current of 0 by the inductance component of acoil when the direction of the current flowing in a coil circuit of anelectromagnetic device is abruptly reversed, thereby quickly suppressingthe inverse electromagnetic induction current that causes standing wavenoise and keeping the output signal at the normal waveform, which bringsabout a significant improvement.

As materials of different conductivity types, as seen from FIG. 8showing metals and compounds whose absolute thermoelectric powers havebeen measured and which are shown as a series of thermoelectric powersin the order of level, there are materials having large positive andnegative absolute thermoelectric powers. A suitable material would be athermoelectric semiconductor material. Because this material has a largeabsolute thermoelectric power α and a large conductance σ and a lowthermal conductivity κ in the temperature range to be used, the effectsof the generation of the temperature difference ΔT₁ and the generationof the counter electromotive force αΔT for the same current are great.z=α²σ/κ is generally called the performance index of a thermoelectricmaterial, and a junction element using a material having a largeperformance index is considered as a sound-quality improving element.

More specifically, examples of materials to be used for elements whichhave been recognized as a sound-quality improving element are at presentbismuth-tellurium based materials that have a large performance index z(see the equation given on the ninth previous line) near the ordinarytemperature.

One example of the p-type material is(Sb₂Te₃)_(A)(Bi₂Te₃)_(B)(Sb₂Se₃)_(C) where Te is added as a donor toA=70-72, B=23-27 and C=3-5. One example of the n-type material is(Bi₂Te₃)_(D)(Sb₂Te₃)_(E)(Bi₂Se₃)_(F) where a metal halogen compound likeSbI₃ or HgBr₂ is added donor to D=90-98, E=0-50 and F=2-5.

FIG. 7 exemplifies a case of the aforementioned PN junction elementcomprised of such materials used in, for example, a horizontal orvertical deflection circuit in a TV. (a) in FIG. 7 shows a normal “saw”wave, and (b) an irregular “saw” wave on which standing wave noise issuperimposed. Although the latter degrades the quality of images,serially connecting the PN junction element in the circuit can providean effect of returning it to the normal “saw” wave (a).

For instance, the AC current having a frequency of 50 Hz which issupplied to the users by The Tokyo Electric Power Company changes thedirection of its flow every 1/100 second. Because electrons have a massand thus has inertia, the flow of electrons that form the current cannotrespond to such a directional change every 1/100 second (cannot stopabruptly) and the electrons collide one another to go into a chaoticstate. This state generates white noise.

This invention has a particular significance in preventing collision ofelectrons from one another by the chaotic state of the electrons andemploying a noise reducing element which is characterized in “making atemperature difference by the Peltier effect and generating athermoelectric current by the Seebeck effect” in order to achieve suchan aim in connection to a solution to the problems without touching theinternal structure of an image display device for, for example, ahome-use audio device, TV or the like at the stage of receiving thecommercially available AC power from its power supply.

Although this invention can also be embodied in a polyphase AC powersupply circuit, for example, 3-phase AC power supply circuit, asingle-phase AC 100-V power supply circuit will be described below as anembodiment. While the commercially available AC power is normallysupplied on 100 V in Japan, design modification is possible to matchwith a voltage of 200 V for power voltage supplies or a voltage of 220 Vor higher in foreign countries. If the circuit is designed inconsideration of the breakdown voltage, there is no upper limit of thevoltage and it is possible to cope with the high voltage of a powerdistribution circuit or the super high voltage of a transmissioncircuit. It is possible to change the design to the one for a highcurrent or high power capacity by selecting the current capacitances ofthe diode and PN junction element in accordance with the target values.

In the basic circuit shown in FIG. 1, two lines L and R (note: althoughthe exemplified case is for single-phase AC, there are three lines inthe case of three-phase AC) between the AC input (IN) and output (OUT)are each separated into a branch line a and a branch line b connected inparallel to each other, and the branch line a forms a forward currentcircuit C-a-da-ta-D which is the series connection of a diode da to a PNjunction element ta that can cause the Peltier effect and Seebeck effectin the same element while the branch line b forms a reverse currentcircuit C-b-db-tb-D which is the series connection of a diode db to thePN junction element tb. That is, the PN junction element ta on the linea is connected in such a direction that the junction will be cooled whena DC current rectified by the diode da flows in the PN junction element.

The line b has a similar circuit structure and a device which is a loadis connected to the (OUT) of this circuit. When this device is used, apulsating current by half-wave rectification flows in the PN junctionelement ta in a given direction and the junction is cooled by thePeltier effect, making a temperature difference which, because of theSeebeck effect, turns this device into a heat generator to transform thecurrent containing noise input from the input side to the flow ofthermoelectrons which is in turn forced to be supplied.

Although FIG. 1 shows the state in which the two lines L and R are eachseparated into the branch lines a and b to form series circuits ofdiodes and PN junction elements, only one of the two lines L or R may beseparated into branch lines with the remaining line left in the normalstate (i.e., the aforementioned series circuit is not formed).

FIG. 2 shows insertion of PN junction in the output side of the circuitin FIG. 1 in the form of a connection loop with the NP directionreversed, and this operation is such that the junction of one of twoelements becomes cooled while the other becomes heated and a thermalcell is short-circuited, so that a large current is produced in thisloop. The current in this loop carries electrons in accordance with avariation in the load of the device that is connected to the (OUT) andforces to send them to the ground. When a reflected wave comes out ofthe device side, it is absorbed.

FIG. 3 shows a PN junction element ta also inserted before the diode ofthe circuit in FIG. 2 or on the input side thereof. In an experimentwith a 37-inch TV, both the image quality and sound quality got betterusing the circuit in FIG. 1 than those before the use. The circuit inFIG. 2 made them higher than the one in FIG. 1, and the circuit in FIG.3 improved them further. Inserting a loop-like noise eliminating elementreverse-connected to the (IN) line as in FIG. 4 resulted in a furtherimprovement.

FIG. 6 presents an enlarged illustration and the actual dimension of theelement is significantly smaller. For example, the dimension(height×depth×length) of an element with a current capacitance of 10amperes is about 2 mm×2 mm×3 mm, the dimension of even an element with acurrent capacitance of 50 amperes is about 5 mm×5 mm×3 mm, thecross-sectional area is approximately proportional to the flow rate ofthe current and the length is about 3 mm.

FIG. 5(a) shows one example of an outlet 51 with an extension andattachment plug cord 52 and FIG. 5(b) shows one example of an outlet 54with a plug 53 to be plugged in a wall outlet, both so constructed as toallow a user who uses, for example, the commercially available AC powersupply of 100 V to easily connect and use as the operational powersupply for an electronic device such as an acoustic device or a videomachine. The electric circuits shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are each installedin the casing shown in FIG. 5.

As other embodiments, for example, the circuit may be designed so as tobe connected between a single line and one terminal of a current limiterin, for example, a fuse box or may be designed to have the shape anddimension that match with the specifications of a fuse used in a fusebox and can be replaced together with the original fuse.

Industrial Applicability

It is known that the PN junction element which can produce the Peltiereffect and Seebeck effect within the same element can fundamentallyprovide a special noise eliminating effect when attached to a functionalcircuit like an audio voice outputting circuit or a video imageoutputting circuit at the design stage or the manufacturing stage.

It is known that inserting the aforementioned PN junction element in thehorizontal or vertical deflection circuit in a TV shown in FIG. 7, forinstance, can provide an effect of returning the irregular “saw” wave,which has standing wave noise superimposed thereon as shown in FIG. 7(b)and has degraded the image quality, to the normal “saw” wave (a).

But, as this apparatus is designed into an attachment unit which canoptionally and easily be inserted by a user between an electromagneticdevice in which no such consideration has been given and the AC powersupply, merely supplying AC power to, for example a TV via thisapparatus can transform the TV in use into a natural TV which is“friendly to the eyes and ears of a man.” That is, there are effects ofeliminating the noise-oriented eddy flow which is produced in thecommercially available AC power supply, significantly reducing thefluorescent colors on the TV screen and the static electricity andchanging noisy sounds to ear-friendly sounds.

As the circuit structure becomes multiplexed from the one shown in FIG.1 to the one shown in FIG. 4, the effects are further enhanced. Videoimages on the TV screen which especially show prominent effects are asfollows.

(1) Video images in the natural light (water, mountains, grasses andflowers)

(2) Human faces

(3) Sports that change fast (baseball, sumo wrestling and figureskating)

(4) Fashion (colorful one)

(5) Gourmets (the same as above)

(6) Movies through VTR

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for eliminating noise in an AC powerwaveform, which is connected between an AC power supply and a powerinput of an AC electromagnetic device in order to eliminate noise in anAC power waveform, characterized in that: at least one of lines ofindividual phases (e.g., L and R) of said AC power supply is separatedinto a branch line a and a branch line b connected in parallel; each ofsaid parallel-connected branch lines a and b forms a series circuit of asingle PN junction element ta capable of producing a Peltier effect andSeebeck effect within the same element and a single diode d; saidparallel-connected branch lines a and b are connected at an input-sidenode C or E and an output-side node D or F, forming a circulatingcurrent loop; an AC power input terminal (IN) is provided with an inputconnector, an attachment plug or an attachment plug with a power cord;and an AC power output terminal (OUT) is provided with an outputconnector, an outlet or an outlet with an extension cord.
 2. Theapparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that PN junctionelements ta2 and tb2 reversely connected in parallel are connected inseries between said output-side node D or F of said parallel-connectedbranch lines a and b and an output (OUT).
 3. The apparatus according toclaim 2, characterized in that PN junction element ta3 is connected inseries in a forward direction between an anode of that diode which islocated on the input side of said each branch line a and said input (IN)terminal and said PN junction element ta3 is connected in series in areverse direction between a cathode of that diode which is located onthe input side of said each branch line b and said input (IN) terminal.4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that PN junctionelements ta4 and tb4 reversely connected in parallel are connected inseries between a node G or H of said lines on an input side of said PNjunction elements ta3 and tb3 and an input (In).
 5. The apparatusaccording to claim 1, characterized in that a circuit from said inputterminal of at least one of lines of individual phases of said AC powersupply to an output terminal is retained in an electrically insulatedcase.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that wheninput AC power is a three-phase alternating current, input lines forsaid alternating current consist of three lines and a circuit structureof each line.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized inthat as said PN junction element capable of producing said Peltiereffect and Seebeck effect within the same element, an improved element61 for an electromagnetic waveform is used which comprises a junctionpair having a semiconductor P-type material section 62 and semiconductorN-type material section 63 having thermoelectric powers junctioned at ajunction 64, and electrode sections 65 and 66 of opposite materials onopposite sides to said junction, and which can produce said Peltiereffect and said Seebeck effect in the same element by causing a Peltierexotherm to occur at said junction 64 and a Peltier endotherm to occuron both electrode sections 65 and 66 and allowing a transienttemperature difference ΔTt by said exotherm and endotherm to generate atransient counter electromotive force of a first polarity between saidjunction 64 and both electrode sections 65 and 66 due to said Seebeckeffect, when a current flows in a first direction between said P-typematerial section 62 and said N-type material section 63, and generatinga counter electromotive force of an opposite, second polarity betweenboth electrode sections 65 and 66 by inverting said transienttemperature difference ΔTd when a current flows in a second directionopposite to said first direction.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 2,characterized in that a circuit from said input terminal of at least oneof lines of individual phases of said AC power supply to an outputterminal is retained in an electrically insulated case.
 9. The apparatusaccording to claim 3, characterized in that a circuit from said inputterminal of at least one of lines of individual phases of said AC powersupply to an output terminal is retained in an electrically insulatedcase.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that acircuit from said input terminal of at least one of lines of individualphases of said AC power supply to an output terminal is retained in anelectrically insulated case.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 2,characterized in that when input AC power is a three-phase alternatingcurrent, input lines for said alternating current consist of three linesand a circuit structure of each line.
 12. The apparatus according toclaim 3, characterized in that when input AC power is a three-phasealternating current, input lines for said alternating current consist ofthree lines and a circuit structure of each line.
 13. The apparatusaccording to claim 4, characterized in that when input AC power is athree-phase alternating current, input lines for said alternatingcurrent consist of three lines and a circuit structure of each line. 14.The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that as said PNjunction element capable of producing said Peltier effect and Seebeckeffect within the same element, an improved element 61 for anelectromagnetic waveform is used which comprises a junction pair havinga semiconductor P-type material section 62 and semiconductor N-typematerial section 63 having thermoelectric powers junctioned at ajunction 64, and electrode sections 65 and 66 of opposite materials onopposite sides to said junction, and which can produce said Peltiereffect and said Seebeck effect in the same element by causing a Peltierexotherm to occur at said junction 64 and a Peltier endotherm to occuron both electrode sections 65 and 66 and allowing a transienttemperature difference ATt by said exotherm and endotherm to generate atransient counter electromotive force of a first polarity between saidjunction 64 and both electrode sections 65 and 66 due to said Seebeckeffect, when a current flows in a first direction between said P-typematerial section 62 and said N-type material section 63, and generatinga counter electromotive force of an opposite, second polarity betweenboth electrode sections 65 and 66 by inverting said transienttemperature difference ΔTd when a current flows in a second directionopposite to said first direction.
 15. The apparatus according to claim3, characterized in that as said PN junction element capable ofproducing said Peltier effect and Seebeck effect within the sameelement, an improved element 61 for an electromagnetic waveform is usedwhich comprises a junction pair having a semiconductor P-type materialsection 62 and semiconductor N-type material section 63 havingthermoelectric powers junctioned at a junction 64, and electrodesections 65 and 66 of opposite materials on opposite sides to saidjunction, and which can produce said Peltier effect and said Seebeckeffect in the same element by causing a Peltier exotherm to occur atsaid junction 64 and a Peltier endotherm to occur on both electrodesections 65 and 66 and allowing a transient temperature difference ΔTtby said exotherm and endotherm to generate a transient counterelectromotive force of a first polarity between said junction 64 andboth electrode sections 65 and 66 due to said Seebeck effect, when acurrent flows in a first direction between said P-type material section62 and said N-type material section 63, and generating a counterelectromotive force of an opposite, second polarity between bothelectrode sections 65 and 66 by inverting said transient temperaturedifference ΔTd when a current flows in a second direction opposite tosaid first direction.
 16. The apparatus according to claim 4,characterized in that as said PN junction element capable of producingsaid Peltier effect and Seebeck effect within the same element, animproved element 61 for an electromagnetic waveform is used whichcomprises a junction pair having a semiconductor P-type material section62 and semiconductor N-type material section 63 having thermoelectricpowers junctioned at a junction 64, and electrode sections 65 and 66 ofopposite materials on opposite sides to said junction, and which canproduce said Peltier effect and said Seebeck effect in the same elementby causing a Peltier exotherm to occur at said junction 64 and a Peltierendotherm to occur on both electrode sections 65 and 66 and allowing atransient temperature difference ΔTt by said exotherm and endotherm togenerate a transient counter electromotive force of a first polaritybetween said junction 64 and both electrode sections 65 and 66 due tosaid Seebeck effect, when a current flows in a first direction betweensaid P-type material section 62 and said N-type material section 63, andgenerating a counter electromotive force of an opposite, second polaritybetween both electrode sections 65 and 66 by inverting said transienttemperature difference ΔTd when a current flows in a second directionopposite to said first direction.
 17. The apparatus according to claim5, characterized in that as said PN junction element capable ofproducing said Peltier effect and Seebeck effect within the sameelement, an improved element 61 for an electromagnetic waveform is usedwhich comprises a junction pair having a semiconductor P-type materialsection 62 and semiconductor N-type material section 63 havingthermoelectric powers junctioned at a junction 64, and electrodesections 65 and 66 of opposite materials on opposite sides to saidjunction, and which can produce said Peltier effect and said Seebeckeffect in the same element by causing a Peltier exotherm to occur atsaid junction 64 and a Peltier endotherm to occur on both electrodesections 65 and 66 and allowing a transient temperature difference ΔTtby said exotherm and endotherm to generate a transient counterelectromotive force of a first polarity between said junction 64 andboth electrode sections 65 and 66 due to said Seebeck effect, when acurrent flows in a first direction between said P-type material section62 and said N-type material section 63, and generating a counterelectromotive force of an opposite, second polarity between bothelectrode sections 65 and 66 by inverting said transient temperaturedifference ΔTd when a current flows in a second direction opposite tosaid first direction.
 18. The apparatus according to claim 6,characterized in that as said PN junction element capable of producingsaid Peltier effect and Seebeck effect within the same element, animproved element 61 for an electromagnetic waveform is used whichcomprises a junction pair having a semiconductor P-type material section62 and semiconductor N-type material section 63 having thermoelectricpowers junctioned at a junction 64, and electrode sections 65 and 66 ofopposite materials on opposite sides to said junction, and which canproduce said Peltier effect and said Seebeck effect in the same elementby causing a Peltier exotherm to occur at said junction 64 and a Peltierendotherm to occur on both electrode sections 65 and 66 and allowing atransient temperature difference ΔTt by said exotherm and endotherm togenerate a transient counter electromotive force of a first polaritybetween said junction 64 and both electrode sections 65 and 66 due tosaid Seebeck effect, when a current flows in a first direction betweensaid P-type material section 62 and said N-type material section 63, andgenerating a counter electromotive force of an opposite, second polaritybetween both electrode sections 65 and 66 by inverting said transienttemperature difference ΔTd when a current flows in a second directionopposite to said first direction.